Chemical pattern of vegetation and topsoil of rangeland fertilized over 21 years with phosphorus sources and limestone

The Pampa’s rangeland in South America is underused or replaced by annual crops forest cultivation with higher economic returns. Our goal was to test the long term effects of phosphorus fertilizer and limestone applications on P availability, aluminum neutralization deep soil layer productivity. For this, three rates sources combined were applied a 21 year field trial. dry matter (between 2016 2019) nutrient accumulation plant shoot measured. topsoil divided four layers (0–2.5, 2.5–5.0, 5.0–7.5, 7.5–10.0 cm), chemical properties determined. Rock phosphate application at rate 249 kg ha−1 increased content along profile down 7.5 cm. After years liming, neutralizing front reached depths greater than 10 cm reacidification not significant. In these conditions, contents exchangeable Ca, Mg Al pH are than, saturation lower without limestone. effect fertilization amendments however limited time there no response production after more last fertilization.